[CentOS] Linux Package Management - Yum
Yum(Yellow dog Updater, Modified) 이란?
Yum은 RPM Package 설치 시 발생되는 Package의 의존성 문제를 해결한 Linux Package Management 도구입니다.
Package를 Online 기반으로 설치하며, 상황에 따라 RPM을 통한 Offline 기반 설치를 지원합니다. 또한 다수의 Package 설치도 지원합니다.
Yum 사용방법
Yum은 아래와 같은 내용으로 명령어를 사용하며 상황에 따라 옵션의 위치가 변경되어도 괜찮습니다.
- yum [명령어] [옵션] [패키지명]
Yum의 주요 옵션
Yum의 주요 명령어
Yum install
- "yum install -y httpd" 명령어를 통해 httpd Package가 설치되며 의존성 Package까지 같이 설치된 것을 확인할 수 있습니다.
[root@yum-test ~]# yum install -y httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors epel/x86_64/metalink | 19 kB 00:00:00 * base: mirrors.cat.pdx.edu * epel: mirrors.develooper.com * extras: mirrors.ocf.berkeley.edu * updates: mirror.rackspace.com ... Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 Complete! |
Yum Update
- "yum update -y httpd" 명령어를 통해 httpd Package를 업데이트합니다. 현재는 업데이트 할 버전이 없는 것을 확인할 수 있습니다.
[root@yum-test ~]# yum update -y httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cat.pdx.edu * epel: mirrors.develooper.com * extras: mirrors.ocf.berkeley.edu * updates: mirror.rackspace.com No packages marked for update |
Yum check-update
- "yum check-update" 명령어를 통해 현재 설치된 Package 중 Update가 가능한 Package 목록을 확인할 수 있습니다.
[root@yum-test ~]# yum check-update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cat.pdx.edu * epel: mirrors.develooper.com * extras: mirrors.ocf.berkeley.edu * updates: mirror.rackspace.com iwl105-firmware.noarch 18.168.6.1-62.2.el7_5 updates iwl135-firmware.noarch 18.168.6.1-62.2.el7_5 updates iwl2000-firmware.noarch 18.168.6.1-62.2.el7_5 updates iwl2030-firmware.noarch 18.168.6.1-62.2.el7_5 updates iwl3160-firmware.noarch 22.0.7.0-62.2.el7_5 updates iwl6000g2b-firmware.noarch 17.168.5.2-62.2.el7_5 updates iwl7260-firmware.noarch 22.0.7.0-62.2.el7_5 updates iwl7265-firmware.noarch 22.0.7.0-62.2.el7_5 updates kernel.x86_64 3.10.0-862.3.3.el7 updates kernel-tools.x86_64 3.10.0-862.3.3.el7 updates kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 3.10.0-862.3.3.el7 updates linux-firmware.noarch 20180220-62.2.git6d51311.el7_5 updates python-perf.x86_64 3.10.0-862.3.3.el7 updates |
Yum search
- "yum search nginx" 명령어를 통해 Yum Repository에 해당 Package가 존재하는지 검색합니다.
[root@yum-test ~]# yum search nginx Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cat.pdx.edu * epel: mirrors.develooper.com * extras: mirrors.ocf.berkeley.edu * updates: mirror.rackspace.com ================================================ N/S matched: nginx ================================================= collectd-nginx.x86_64 : Nginx plugin for collectd munin-nginx.noarch : Network-wide graphing framework (cgi files for nginx) nextcloud-nginx.noarch : Nginx integration for NextCloud nginx-all-modules.noarch : A meta package that installs all available Nginx modules nginx-filesystem.noarch : The basic directory layout for the Nginx server nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 : Nginx HTTP geoip module nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 : Nginx HTTP image filter module nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 : Nginx HTTP perl module nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 : Nginx XSLT module nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 : Nginx mail modules nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 : Nginx stream modules owncloud-nginx.noarch : Nginx integration for ownCloud pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64 : Performance Co-Pilot (PCP) metrics for the Nginx Webserver python2-certbot-nginx.noarch : The nginx plugin for certbot nginx.x86_64 : A high performance web server and reverse proxy server Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything. |
Yum repolist
- "yum repolist" 명령어를 통해 현재 활성화 된 Repository 목록을 확인할 수 있습니다.
[root@yum-test ~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cat.pdx.edu * epel: mirrors.develooper.com * extras: mirrors.ocf.berkeley.edu * updates: mirror.rackspace.com repo id repo name status base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 9,911 epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 12,584 extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 313 google-cloud-compute Google Cloud Compute 10 google-cloud-sdk Google Cloud SDK 128 updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 695 repolist: 23,641 |
Yum history
- "yum history list" 명령어를 통해 Yum Transaction 내역을 확인할 수 있습니다.
[root@yum-test ~]# yum history list Loaded plugins: fastestmirror ID | Login user | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 | root <root> | 2018-06-18 16:02 | Install | 5 7 | System <unset> | 2018-06-11 18:38 | Install | 1 6 | System <unset> | 2018-06-11 18:36 | I, U | 44 5 | System <unset> | 2018-06-11 18:36 | Install | 1 4 | System <unset> | 2018-06-11 18:36 | Install | 22 3 | System <unset> | 2018-06-11 18:35 | Install | 1 2 | System <unset> | 2018-06-11 18:35 | Install | 1 1 | System <unset> | 2018-06-11 18:32 | Install | 319 history list |
Yum downloadonly
- "yum install -y mysql --downloadonly --downloaddir=[경로명]" 명령어를 통해 Package를 RPM으로 다운로드 받습니다.
[root@yum-test ~]# yum install -y mysql --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/yum_rpm_download Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cat.pdx.edu * epel: mirrors.develooper.com * extras: mirrors.ocf.berkeley.edu * updates: mirror.rackspace.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================================== Installing: mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 base 8.7 M Transaction Summary ===================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 8.7 M Installed size: 49 M Background downloading packages, then exiting: mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 8.7 MB 00:00:01 exiting because "Download Only" specified [root@yum-test yum_rpm_download]# ls mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64.rpm |
Yum localinstall
- "yum localinstall -y [패키지명]" 명령어를 통해 RPM Package를 설치할 수 있습니다. 단, 의존성 문제가 발생될 수 있습니다.
[root@yum-test yum_rpm_download]# yum localinstall -y mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64.rpm Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Examining mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: 1:mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 Marking mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================================== Installing: mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 /mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 49 M Transaction Summary ===================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total size: 49 M Installed size: 49 M Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : 1:mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 Complete! |
Yum remove
- "yum remove -y [패키지명]" 명령어를 통해 설치된 Package를 삭제할 수 있습니다.
[root@yum-test yum_rpm_download]# yum remove -y mariadb Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================================== Removing: mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 installed 49 M Transaction Summary ===================================================================================================================== Remove 1 Package Installed size: 49 M Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Erasing : 1:mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 1/1 Removed: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 Complete! |
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